Peluffo, Adriana

Este documento analiza el impacto del uso de insumos intermedios importados, exportaciones e inversión extranjera directa (IED) sobre la productividad, la demanda y los salarios de los trabajadores calificados de las empresas manufactureras uruguayas en el periodo 1988-2005. Las respuestas de los diversos canales a los vínculos internacionales no son homogéneas, sino que varían de acuerdo a la distribución condicional de cada variable dependiente.

In an increasingly globalized word, exporting plays a central role for economic growth and poverty reduction, particularly in small open economies..In this work we test the hypothesis that a rise in investment favors entrance in export markets and increases exports among previously exporting firms. We address causal links through impact evaluation techniques for observational data. We examine the binary case as well as continuous treatment analysis for investment as treatment. The analysis is conducted for a panel of Uruguayan manufacturing firms for the period 1997-2008. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of our approach for a Latin American economy, and the relatively long time span of our data makes it possible a better characterization of new entrants and firms with changing export behavior. Also, our data appears to be richer, including information to estimate total factor productivity, and R&D and training investments, which provide better controls for confounding factors. We find evidence that investments "cause" exports and export orientation, which provides a rationale for carefully designing investment promotion policies rather than focusing on other export support policies.

In an increasingly globalised world, exporting plays a central role for economic growth and poverty reduction, particularly in small open economies. In this study, we test the hypothesis that a rise in investment favours entry into export markets and increases exports among firms that are already exporting. We address causal links through impact evaluation techniques for observational data. We examine the binary case and also continuous analysis of investment as treatment. We analyse a panel of Uruguayan manufacturing firms in the period 1997–2008, and we find evidence that investments “cause” exports and export orientation, and this provides a rationale for carefully designing investment promotion policies rather than focusing on other export support policies.

En este artículo se evalúan los “spillovers” tecnológicos hacia la industria manufacturera uruguaya por intermedio sus importaciones, inversión extranjera directa (IED) y “learning by exporting” para el período 1997-2007.